Published 10 minScience
Are Peptides Legal? The 2026 US Regulatory Status, Explained
How US law sorts peptides into three categories: FDA-approved drugs, compounded peptides, and research-use-only. What each means for legality in 2026.
The
Journal
Quiet writing on peptide science, the female endocrine reality, and the rituals worth keeping.
Published 12 minScience
503A vs 503B Compounding: The Difference, and What It Means for Peptides
How 503A pharmacies and 503B outsourcing facilities differ: two laws, two bulks lists, cGMP vs USP, and what it means for peptide availability.
Published 10 minScience
The 503A Bulks List for Peptides: Status, Categories, and How to Verify
Which peptides are on the FDA 503A bulks list, what Category 1 vs 2 means, why removal from Category 2 is not legalization, and how to check any peptide's status.
Published 11 minScience
FDA Peptide Compounding in 2026: What the July 23-24 PCAC Meeting Means
The FDA's Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee reviews seven peptides on July 23-24, 2026. What the 503A bulks-list vote covers, and what it does not decide.
Published 11 minScience
MOTS-C, the Mitochondrial-Derived Peptide: What Research Has Examined
MOTS-C, the mitochondrial-derived peptide: what preclinical research examined (discovery, mechanism, metabolism, exercise) and where the human data stand.
Published 12 minScience
How Peptides Are Tested for Purity and Identity
How peptides are tested for purity and identity: mass spectrometry for identity, HPLC for purity, net peptide content, endotoxin, and what a batch certificate of analysis does and does not establish.
Published 10 minScience
What a 503A Compounding Pharmacy Is
A 503A compounding pharmacy compounds a customized medication for an individual patient under Section 503A of the FD&C Act. How it works, how it differs from a 503B outsourcing facility, and what the bulk drug substances list means.
Published 13 minScience
How to Read a Peptide Certificate of Analysis: A Field-by-Field Guide
How to read a peptide certificate of analysis field by field: identity by mass spec, HPLC purity, net peptide content, counter-ion, endotoxin, and ISO 17025.
Published 7 minScience
NAD+ Therapy: Hype, Evidence, and the Compounding Pharmacy Model
NAD+ therapy has become one of the most widely marketed interventions in the longevity wellness category. The research base is more limited than the marketing suggests, and the distinction between the
Published 7 minScience
PT-141, Bremelanotide, and the Central Nervous System Approach to Sexual Wellness
PT-141, marketed as Vyleesi, is the first FDA-approved sexual wellness compound to act on the central nervous system rather than peripheral vasodilation. The history and the
Published 8 minScience
Sermorelin: The Most Studied Peptide in the Compounding Pharmacy Catalog
Sermorelin was FDA-approved in 1990, voluntarily withdrawn for commercial reasons, and remains the most studied peptide in the 503A compounding pharmacy catalog. The history and the research
Published 10 minScience
The Khavinson Bioregulator Research Program: A Forty-Year History
The Russian bioregulator research program produced the original literature on epitalon, pinealon, and related short peptides over four decades. This is the history, the scientific claims, and the
Published 7 minScience
Tesamorelin: An FDA-Approved Peptide and Its Off-Label Story
Tesamorelin received FDA approval in 2010 for a specific HIV-related indication. The compound's mechanism has produced a substantial off-label clinical literature that explains its current presence in the
Published 9 minScience
ISO 17025 Accreditation and What a Peptide Certificate of Analysis Actually Proves
ISO 17025 accreditation is the international standard for testing laboratory competence. A peptide certificate of analysis from an accredited lab documents something specific. Understanding what it
Published 17 minScience
Inside the American and European Peptide Supply Chain
An editorial examination of where the peptides sold in the US actually come from, what laboratory accreditation proves and does not prove, and why supply chain documentation is the line between
Published 9 minScience
How to Read a Peptide Research Paper
Most peptide research is preclinical. Some is human. Understanding the difference, and the methodological constraints inside each category, separates careful reading from credulous